Oroville Union High School District
Science Curriculum

Science - Chemistry

Chemistry

COURSE TITLE: Chemistry

LENGTH OF COURSE: One Year

TYPE OF CREDIT: Science (10 credits)

GRADE Level: 10-12

PREREQUISITE: One Year Course of laboratory science, concurrent enrollment in Advanced Algebra.

TEXTBOOK: Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, Needham, MA, 2002, ISBN # 0-13-054384-5

SUPPLEMENTARY INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:

COURSE DESCRIPTION:
Chemistry is an inquiry into the composition of and interactions between substances. It is designed to acquaint the student with the laws of the physical environment through the use of laboratory experiments. Chemistry includes the study of characteristics of chemical reactions, chemical periodicity, and chemical bonding in solids, liquids and gases. The chemistry laboratory is the basis from which the advanced sciences are developed. College Preparatory.

NOTE: This course meets the U.C. "A-G" Subject" requirement.

BOARD ADOPTION DATE: JUNE 19, 2002


Atomic and Molecular Structure
Understand that the period table displays the elements in increasing atomic number and shows how periodicity of the physical and chemical properties of the elements relates to atomic structure.

    Elements in the Periodic Table
The learner will be able to know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its atomic number and atomic mass.
Strand Scope Source
Periodic Table Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 1.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 5 pages 124-126, Chapter14 pages 391-393 [Textbook].  
  
    Identification of Elements
The learner will be able to know how to use the periodic table to identify metals, semimetals, non-metals, and halogens. Identify alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals, trends in ionization energy, electronegativity, and the relative sizes of ions and atoms.
Strand Scope Source
Periodic Table Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 1.b and c.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 5 pages 124-126, Chapter 14 pages 394-396, [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 24 pages 705-710, 724-731, 732-735 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter14 pages 398-406 [Textbook].  
  
    Electrons
The learner will be able to know how to use the periodic table to determine the number of electrons available for bonding.
Strand Scope Source
Periodic Table Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 1.d.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 14 pages 394-396, 398-406 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 24 pages 705-710, 712-723, 724-731, 732-73 [Textbook].  
  
    Atoms
The learner will be able to know the nucleus of the atom is much smaller than the atom yet contains most of its mass.
Strand Scope Source
Periodic Table Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 1.e..
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 5 pages 111-112, 118-121 [Textbook].  
  
    Transuranium Elements
The learner will be able to know how to use the periodic table to identify the lanthanide, actinide, and transactinide elements and know that the transuranium elements were synthesized and identified in laboratory experiments through the use of nuclear accelerators.
Strand Scope Source
Periodic Table Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 1.f.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 24 page 731, Chapter 28 page 851 [Textbook].  
  
    Position of Elements
The learner will be able to *know how to relate the position of an element in the periodic table to its quantum electron configuration and to its reactivity with other elements in the table.
Strand Scope Source
Periodic Table Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 1.g.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 13 pages 363-366,367-370 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 14 pages 391-396, 405-406 [Textbook].  
  
    Discovery in Chemistry
The learner will be able to *know the experimental basis for Thomson's discovery of the electron, Rutherford's nuclear atom, Millikan's oil drop experiment, and Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect.
Strand Scope Source
Periodic Table Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 1.h.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 5 pages 109-112 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 13 pages 361-366, 372-383 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 28 page 850 [Textbook].  
  
    Quantum Theory of Atomic Structure
The learner will be able to *know the experimental basis for the development of the quantum theory of atomic structure and the historical importance of the Bohr model of the atom.
Strand Scope Source
Periodic Table Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 1.i.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 13 pages 361-366, 372-383 [Textbook].  
  
    Spectral Lines
The learner will be able to *know that spectral lines are result of transitions of electrons between energy levels and that these lines correspond to photons with a frequency related to the energy spacing between levels by using Planck's relationship (E = hv).
Strand Scope Source
Periodic Table Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 1.j.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 13 pages 372-383 [Textbook].  
  

Chemical Bonds
Understand that the biological, chemical, and physical properties of matter result from the ability of atoms to form bonds from electrostatic forces between electrons and protons and between atoms and molecules.

    Sharing Electrons
The learner will be able to know that atoms combine to form molecules by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds or by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms and Molecules Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 2.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 6 pages 133-137 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 15 pages 413-418, 427-429 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 16 pages 437-451 [Textbook].  
  
    Covalent Bonds
The learner will be able to know that chemical bonds between atoms in molecules such as ethylene, hydrogen, methane, ammonia, nitrogen, chlorine, and many large biological molecules are covalent.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms and Molecules Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 2.b.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 16 pages 437-451, Chapter 25 pages 743-751 [Textbook].  
  
    Salt Crystals
The learner will be able to know that salt crystals, such as NaCl, are repeating patterns of positive and negative ions held together by electrostatic attraction.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms and Molecules Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 2.c.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 6 page 140, Chapter 10 pages 280-283 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 15 pages 419, 422-423 [Textbook].  
  
    Liquids and Random Movement
The learner will be able to know that the atoms and molecules in liquids move in random pattern relative to one another because the intermolecular forces are too weak to hold the atoms or molecules in a solid form.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms and Molecules Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 2.d.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 2 pages 30-31, Chapter 10 pages 274, 280 [Textbook].  
  
    Lewis Dot Structures
The learner will be able to know how to draw Lewis dot structures.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms and Molecules Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 2.e.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 16 page 441 [Textbook].  
  
    Predicting Lewis Dot Structures
The learner will be able to *know how to predict the shape of simple molecules and their polarity from Lewis dot structures.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms and Molecules Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 2.f.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 16 pages 442-451 [Textbook].  
  
    Bond Formation
The learner will be able to *know how electronegativity and ionization energy relate to bond formation.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms and Molecules Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 2.g.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 16 pages 452-459, 460-466 [Textbook].  
  
    Solids and Liquids
The learner will be able to *know how to identify solids and liquids held together by Van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding and relate these forces to volatility and boiling / melting point temperatures.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms and Molecules Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 2.h.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 16 pages 460-466, Chapter 17 pages 475-478 [Textbook].  
  

Conservation of Matter and Stoichiometry
Understand that conservation of atoms in chemical reactions leads to the principle of conservation of matter and the ability to calculate the mass of products and reactants.

    Writing Balanced Equations
The learner will be able to know how to describe chemical reactions by writing balanced equations.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms in Chemical Reactions Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 3.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 8 pages 203-211, 212-224,, 225-228 [Textbook].  
  
    The Mole
The learner will be able to know that the quantity one mole is set by defining one mole or carbon 12 atoms to have a mass of exactly 12 grams. Know one mole equals 6.02 E23 particles (atoms or molecules).
Strand Scope Source
Atoms in Chemical Reactions Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 3.b and c.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 7 pages 176-178 [Textbook].  
  
    Molar Mass
The learner will be able to know how determine the molar mass of a molecule from its chemical formula and a table of atomic masses and how to convert the mass of a molecular substance to moles, number of particles, or volume of gas at standard temperature and pressure.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms in Chemical Reactions Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 3.d.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 7 pages 173-176, 182-186, 187, 188-195 [Textbook].  
  
    Chemical Reaction Calculations
The learner will be able to know how to calculate the masses of reactants and products in a chemical reaction from the mass of one of the reactants or products and the relevant atomic mass.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms in Chemical Reactions Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 3.e.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 9 pages 242-350, 251 [Textbook].  
  
    Percent Yield
The learner will be able to *know how to calculate percent yield in a chemical reaction.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms in Chemical Reactions Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 3.f.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 9 pages 252-259 [Textbook].  
  
    Identification of Reactions
The learner will be able to *know how to identify reactions that involve oxidation and reduction and how to balance oxidation-balance reactions.
Strand Scope Source
Atoms in Chemical Reactions Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 3.g.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 8 page 222 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 22 pages 645-653, 654-659, 660-669 [Textbook].  
  

Gases and Their Properties
Understand that the kinetic molecular theory describes the motion of atoms and molecules and the kinetic properties of gases.

    Random Motion of Molecules
The learner will be able to know that random motion of molecules and their collisions explains the pressure created on that surface.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 4.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 10 pages 268-269 [Textbook].  
  
    Diffusion of Gases
The learner will be able to know that the random motion of molecules explains the diffusion of gases.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 4.b.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 12 pages 352-353 [Textbook].  
  
    Gas Laws
The learner will be able to know how to apply the gas laws to relations between the pressure, temperature, and volume of any amount of an ideal gas or any mixture of ideal gases.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 4c
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 12 pages 333-340, 341-346, 347-353 [Textbook].  
  
    Standard Temperature and Pressure
The learner will be able to know the values and meanings of standard temperature and pressure and (STP).
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 4.d.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 7 pages 184-185, Chapter 10 pages 268-269 [Textbook].  
  
    Temperatures Scales
The learner will be able to know how to convert between the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales. Know there is no temperature lower than 0 Kelvin.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 4.e and f.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 3 pages 74-75 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 10 pages 271-272, Chapter 12 page 336 [Textbook].  
  
    Kinetic Theory of Gases
The learner will be able to *know how the kinetic theory of gases is related to the absolute temperature of a gas to the average kinetic energy of its molecules or atoms.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 4.g.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 10 pages 267-272 [Textbook].  
  
    Ideal Gas Law
The learner will be able to *know how to solve problems by using the ideal gas law in the form PV = nRT.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 4.h.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 12 pages 341-346, 347-353 [Textbook].  
  
    Dalton's Law and Graham's Law
The learner will be able to *know how to apply Dalton's law of partial pressures to describe the composition of gases and Graham's law to predict diffusion of gases.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 4.i.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 12 pages 347-353 [Textbook].  
  

Acids and Bases
Understand acids, bases, and salts are three classes of compounds that form ions in water solutions.

    Properties of Acids, Bases and Salts
The learner will be able to know the observable properties of acids, bases, and salt solutions.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 5.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 20 pages 576, 577-579, 593, 606 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 21 pages 612, 613-624, 625, 626-637 [Textbook].  
  
    Hydrogen-Ion
The learner will be able to know acids are hydrogen-ion-donating and bases are hydrogen-ion-accepting substances.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 5.b.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 20 pages 580-582 [Textbook].  
  
    Dissociate
The learner will be able to know that strong acids and bases fully dissociate and weak acids and bases partially dissociate.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 5.c.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 20 pages 600-605, 606 [Textbook].  
  
    pH Scale
The learner will be able to know how to use the pH scale to characterize acid and base solutions.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 5.d.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 20 pages 582-584, 589-592, 618 [Textbook].  
  
    Acid-Base Definitions
The learner will be able to *know the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis acid-base definitions.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 5.e.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 20 pages 594-599 [Textbook].  
  
    pH Calculation
The learner will be able to *know how to calculate pH from hydrogen-ion concentration.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 5.f.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 20 pages 582-584, 586-589 [Textbook].  
  
    Buffers
The learner will be able to *know that buffers stabilize pH in acid-base reactions.
Strand Scope Source
Kinetic Molecular Theory Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 5.g.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 21 pages 628-629 [Textbook].  
  

Solutions
Understand solutions are homogenous mixtures of two or more substances.

    Solute and Solvent
The learner will be able to know the definitions of solute and solvent.
Strand Scope Source
Homogenous Mixtures Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 6.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 17 page 482 [Textbook].  
  
    Random Molecular Motion
The learner will be able to know how to describe the dissolving process at the molecular level by using the concept of random molecular motion.
Strand Scope Source
Homogenous Mixtures Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 6.b.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 17 page 483, Chapter 18 pages 501-503 [Textbook].  
  
    The Dissolving Process
The learner will be able to know how temperature, pressure, and surface area affect the dissolving process.
Strand Scope Source
Homogenous Mixtures Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Gragdes 9-12, Chemistry, 6.c.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 18 pages 503-508 [Textbook].  
  
    Calculate Concentration of a Solution
The learner will be able to know how to calculate the concentration of a solute in terms of grams per liter, molarity, parts per million, and percent composition.
Strand Scope Source
Homogenous Mixtures Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 6.d.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 18 pages 509-515, 516 [Textbook].  
  
    Solute
The learner will be able to *know the relationship between the molarity of a solute in a solution and the solution's depressed freezing point or elevated boiling point.
Strand Scope Source
Homogenous Mixtures Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 6.e.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 18 pages 517-519, 520-525 [Textbook].  
  
    Chromatography and Distillation
The learner will be able to *know how molecules in a solution are separated or purified by the methods of chromatography and distillation.
Strand Scope Source
Homogenous Mixtures Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 6.f.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 2 pages 33-35, Chapter 16 page 467 [Textbook].  
  

Chemical Thermodynamics
Understand energy is exchanged or transformed in all chemical reactions and physical changes of matter.

    Motions of Molecules
The learner will be able to know how to describe temperature and heat flow in terms of the motion of molecules (atoms.).
Strand Scope Source
Energy Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 7.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 10 pages 267, 276-277 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 11 pages 293-294 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19 pages 551-553 [Textbook].  
  
    Thermal Energy
The learner will be able to know chemical processes can either release (exothermic) or absorb (endothermic) thermal energy.
Strand Scope Source
Energy Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 7.b.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 11 pages 294-295, 300-303 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19 pages 551, 557, Chapter 22 page 671 [Textbook].  
  
    Energy Release
The learner will be able to know energy is released when a material condenses or freezes and is absorbed when a material evaporates or melts.
Strand Scope Source
Energy Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 7.c.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 10: pages 275-280, [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 11: pages 310-313 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 17: pages 479-481 [Textbook].  
  
    Heat Flow and Temperature Change
The learner will be able to know how to solve problems involving heat flow and temperature changes, using known values of specific heat and latent heat of phase change.
Strand Scope Source
Energy Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Gragdes 9-12, Chemistry, 7.d.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 11: pages 295-313 [Textbook].  
  
    Hess's Law
The learner will be able to *know how to apply Hess's law to calculate enthalpy change in a reaction.
Strand Scope Source
Energy Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 7e
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 11: pages 314-318 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: page 557 [Textbook].  
  
    Gibbs Free Energy Equation
The learner will be able to *know how to use the Gibbs free energy equation to determine whether a reaction would be spontaneous.
Strand Scope Source
Energy Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 7.f.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: pages 549-556 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: pages 558-565 [Textbook].  
  

Chemical Reaction Rates
Understand chemical reaction rates depend on factors that influence the frequency of collisions of reactant molecules.

    Rate of Reactions
The learner will be able to know the rate of reaction is the decrease in concentration of reactants or the increase in concentration of products with time.
Strand Scope Source
Chemical Reaction Rates Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 8.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: pages 533-536 [Textbook].  
  
    Factors Affect Reaction Rates
The learner will be able to know how reaction rates depend on such factors as concentration, temperature, and pressure.
Strand Scope Source
Chemical Reaction Rates Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 8.b.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: pages 536-538 [Textbook].  
  
    Catalyst
The learner will be able to know the role a catalyst plays in increasing the reaction rate.
Strand Scope Source
Chemical Reaction Rates Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 8.c.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: pages 537-538 [Textbook].  
  
    Activation Energy
The learner will be able to *know the definition and role of activation energy in a chemical reaction.
Strand Scope Source
Chemical Reaction Rates Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 8.d.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: pages 535-536 [Textbook].  
  

Chemical Equilibrium
Understand that chemical equilibrium is a dynamic process at the molecular level.

    LeChatelier's Principle
The learner will be able to know how to use LeChatelier's principle to predict the effect of changes in concentration, temperature, and pressure.
Strand Scope Source
Chemical Equilibrium Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 9.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: pages 541-544 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 21: page 635 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 27: page 818 [Textbook].  
  
    Equilibrium
The learner will be able to know equilibrium is established when forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
Strand Scope Source
Chemical Equilibrium Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 9.b.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: pages 539-544 [Textbook].  
  
    Equilibrium Constant
The learner will be able to *know how to write and calculate an equilibrium constant expression for a reaction.
Strand Scope Source
Chemical Equilibrium Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 9.c.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 19: pages 545-548 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 20: pages 603-605 [Textbook].  
  

Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
Understand the bonding characteristics of carbon allow the formation of many different organic molecules of varied sizes, shapes, and chemical properties and provide the biochemical basis of life.

    Polymers
The learner will be able to know large molecules (polymers), such as proteins, nucleic acids, and starch, are formed by repetitive combinations of simple subunits.
Strand Scope Source
Biochemicals Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 10.a.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 26: pages 795-801 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 27: pages 812-819, 821-831 [Textbook].  
  
    Bonding Characteristics of Carbon
The learner will be able to know the bonding characteristics of carbon that result in the formation of large variety of structures ranging from simple hydrocarbons to complex polymers and biological molecules.
Strand Scope Source
Biochemicals Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 10.b.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 10: page 282 [Textbook].  
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 25: pages 743-753; pages 755-761 [Textbook].  
  
    Amino Acids
The learner will be able to know amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Strand Scope Source
Biochemicals Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 10.c.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 27: pages 815-819 [Textbook].  
  
    Naming Linear Hydrocarbons and Isomeres
The learner will be able to *know the system for naming the ten simplest linear hydrocarbons and isomeres that contain single bonds, simple hydrocarbons with double and triple bonds, and simple molecules that contain a benzene ring.
Strand Scope Source
Biochemicals Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 10.d.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 25: pages 743-753; pages 755-761 [Textbook].  
  
    Functional Groups
The learner will be able to *know how to identify the functional groups that form the basis of alcohol, ketones, ethers, amines, esters, aldehydes, and organic acids.
Strand Scope Source
Biochemicals Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 10.e.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002, Chapter 26: pages 773-794 [Textbook].  
  
    R-Group Structure
The learner will be able to *know the R-group structure of amino acids and know how they combine to form the polypeptide backbone structure of proteins.
Strand Scope Source
Biochemicals Master CA: Science Content Standards, December 1998, Grades 9-12, Chemistry, 10.f.
Instructional Resources
- Chemistry, Addison-Wesley, Prentice Hall, 2002,